Historic Artifacts Older Than Stonehenge Unearthed Beneath Britain’s Houses of Parliament

Historic Artifacts Older Than Stonehenge Unearthed Beneath Britain’s Houses of Parliament

Archaeologists excavating under the Palace of Westminster have made astonishing discoveries, including artifacts that predate even Stonehenge. These historic treasures, uncovered in November, showcase a range of relics that offer insights into ancient human life.

The Houses of Parliament Restoration and Renewal Delivery Authority reported the findings, which span from Mesolithic flint chips to items from the 19th century. This excavation forms part of a three-year investigation aimed at informing the upcoming restoration efforts of this iconic building.

Initially serving as a royal residence in the 11th century, the Palace of Westminster features its oldest structure, Westminster Hall, constructed in 1097 under the reign of William II. This rich history sets the stage for the remarkable artifacts now emerging from beneath its grounds.

Unearthing Ancient Treasures

Among the earliest remnants found were 60 flint fragments, discovered during a routine tool-making process. These artifacts date back to approximately 4300 BC, making them older than the construction of Stonehenge, which began around 3100 BC.

These prehistoric remains were once part of Thorney Island, an area near the River Thames that evolved into the heart of medieval Westminster. This setting suggests that ancient communities thrived in what is today central London.

The Restoration and Renewal Delivery Authority remarked on the significance of these discoveries: “The flints were found in undisturbed sand deposits that once formed part of Thorney Island, an area where prehistoric communities are thought to have fished, hunted and gathered food. These rare finds offer a glimpse into early human life in what is now central London.”

Significant Historical Discoveries

Diane Abrams, the archaeology lead for the Restoration and Renewal Delivery Authority, expressed her amazement at the finds. She described the ability to uncover prehistoric remains in situ in central London as “incredibly rare.” “While research suggested we might find traces of early human activity on the site, I was surprised to discover direct evidence of flint tool-making dating back to around 6,000 years ago,” Abrams stated in an interview.

In addition to the prehistoric artifacts, archaeologists also recovered medieval leather boot and shoe soles, dating back 800 years. They found intriguing 19th-century decorated clay tobacco pipes and a five-pint beer jug inscribed with the name “Geo[rge] Painter.” These finds underscore the long-standing human presence and continuous usage of the site.

A Glimpse into Roman History

The excavation also revealed a fragment of a 2,000-year-old Roman altar, likely repurposed in later constructions. Furthermore, a heart-shaped lead badge from the Middle Ages emerged among the diverse collection of artifacts.

Discovery of Lesser Hall

One of the most remarkable finds during this archaeological endeavor was Lesser Hall, a medieval building dating back to 1167. Originally built as a royal dining space, Lesser Hall played a significant role in Parliamentary history over the centuries.

It has housed vital institutions such as the Court of Chancery and even served as a venue for both the House of Commons and House of Lords at various times. The Restoration and Renewal Delivery Authority hailed this discovery as the most significant among the current archaeological investigations, emphasizing the insights it provides into the layout and historical structures beneath the modern Palace.

The excavators uncovered the well-preserved stone wall and foundation of Lesser Hall, which astonishingly survived the Great Fire of 1834 and a World War II bomb strike. Abrams called the discovery one of the “most exciting and unexpected” moments of the excavation, admitting uncertainty about what portions of the hall would endure beneath the present-day courtyard and car park.

3D Digitization of Findings

To safeguard these important remnants, archaeologists have meticulously recorded them and created 3D digital models before reburial. This innovative approach protects the site while allowing for ongoing study of its rich history.

Further exploration revealed more details about the hall’s later renovations, including red brickwork indicating alterations made to separate adjacent properties. One prominent red brick wall appears to have belonged to a cellar that divided properties as documented in plans from 1739.

These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the site’s past inhabitants and their activities, piecing together the archaeological narrative of the area.

Continuing Legacy of Archaeological Work

Overall, Abrams highlighted that the recent discoveries present a remarkable timeline of human activity at this historic location. She noted, “The findings will also help us to guide the design and planning for Parliament’s future restoration works.” With these artifacts, the past continues to inform the future as the British Parliament prepares for a new chapter in its history.