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Unearthing the Legacy of Gen. Wainwright, America’s Highest-Ranking POW in World War II
As the United States commemorates National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day on April 9, renowned Fox News anchor Dana Perino engaged in a conversation with Jonathan Horn, a former White House speechwriter and historian. Horn’s latest book, The Fate of the Generals, delves into the remarkable story of General Jonathan Wainwright, who holds the title of the highest-ranking American prisoner of war during World War II.
In a gripping elaboration of Wainwright’s life, Horn paints a vivid picture of a man who faced extraordinary challenges and made tremendous sacrifices. This article reveals insights from Horn’s book along with the profound lesson that Wainwright’s experiences impart to contemporary society.
Who Was General Jonathan Wainwright?
Jonathan Wainwright, a determined cavalry officer, grew up near Montana’s Little Bighorn battlefield, a site marked by one of history’s most legendary last stands. Little did he know that he would find himself in a similar predicament during the early phases of World War II. When Japanese forces attacked the Philippines, Wainwright stepped into the role of the top American commander after Douglas MacArthur received orders to evacuate.
While MacArthur famously promised to return, Wainwright made a different vow. He pledged to remain and share the fate of his troops, even at the cost of surrendering and becoming a prisoner of war. His resolve to stand by his men during this adversity speaks volumes about his character and leadership.
National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day
Wainwright’s story resonates deeply, particularly as the United States marks National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day on April 9. This date holds significant historical importance as it commemorates the largest surrender of U.S. forces in history.
In December 1941, following the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, American and Filipino soldiers retreated into the dense jungles of the Bataan Peninsula. They endured severe shortages of food and medical supplies while continuing their fight until their physical strength waned. This heart-wrenching struggle culminated on April 9, 1942, when around 80,000 troops laid down their arms.
The survivors of that harrowing ordeal faced the atrocities of the Bataan Death March, and Wainwright continued to resist the enemy for an additional month on Corregidor, a small island near Bataan. He ultimately surrendered, concerned that his decision could prevent a potential massacre of his men.
Wainwright’s Harrowing Experience as a POW
General Wainwright endured immense suffering as a prisoner for the remainder of the war. The Japanese military subjected him to systemic starvation and physical abuse while transferring him from the Philippines to camps in Taiwan and eventually to Manchuria.
Isolation emerged as one of the most torturous elements of his captivity. Deprived of letters for extended periods and cut off from news, Wainwright grappled with the fear that American society might never forgive him for his decision to surrender while prioritizing the safety of his men.
The Hero’s Return
Upon his return to the United States after the war, Wainwright received a hero’s welcome and was awarded the Medal of Honor. However, despite these accolades, there remains a poignant question surrounding public awareness of his legacy.
Jonathan Horn reflects on why Wainwright seems less known compared to Douglas MacArthur. He suggests that MacArthur’s commitment to returning to the Philippines has overshadowed Wainwright’s unwavering dedication to his men. Furthermore, it has been over 40 years since a comprehensive biography of Wainwright was published, allowing for a gap in understanding his immense contributions and sacrifices.
In recent years, access to Wainwright’s personal papers—including diaries and letters—has shed new light on his experiences. This newfound research enables historians to share Wainwright’s story more comprehensively and place him appropriately within the spectrum of American military history.
The Lasting Lessons from Wainwright’s Journey
When discussing the insights Americans should draw from Wainwright’s turbulent experiences, Horn emphasizes the crucial lesson pertaining to military preparedness. Wainwright’s ordeal underscores the necessity of being equipped for unexpected challenges in times of conflict.
Moreover, Horn hopes the public will remember the extraordinary courage displayed by Wainwright and his fellow prisoners of war. Their sacrifices serve as a reminder of the resilience required to overcome adversity and the importance of valuing freedom.
Reflecting on a Remarkable Legacy
The Fate of the Generals: MacArthur, Wainwright, and the Epic Battle for the Philippines is set to be published by Scribner on April 15. This book is not only a tribute to Wainwright’s character but also a clarion call to remember the sacrifices made by those in war. In acknowledging these stories, society honors the legacy of its heroes and learns valuable lessons for the present and future.
