Winter Viruses Linked to Increased Heart Complications: Expert Insights

As health officials announce a rise in winter viruses, experts urge caution regarding potential heart disease symptoms that may resemble typical respiratory illnesses.

Surging Virus Levels Raise Alarm

Currently, four viruses are prevalent across the United States, raising the possibility of a so-called “quademic” affecting public health. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, COVID-19, and norovirus are all reported at “very high levels,” prompting further investigation into their impacts.

Understanding the Connection Between Viruses and Heart Risks

The American Heart Association (AHA) warns that certain viral infections have a notable association with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. According to the AHA, the highest risk period is within three days of infection, which can remain elevated for up to 90 days thereafter.

Mistaken Symptoms: A Dangerous Oversight

Dr. Johanna Contreras, a cardiologist at Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, emphasizes the importance of recognizing symptoms accurately. Patients often attribute symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, swelling, and palpitations to merely a cold. However, these signs might indicate underlying heart failure.

Potentially Life-Threatening Conditions

According to Mount Sinai cardiologists, symptoms like weakness, fever, dizziness, and chest pain can commonly mask serious conditions, including:

Pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the lungs)
Heart attack
Pericarditis (inflammation around the heart)
Heart failure
Viral myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)

Inflammatory Responses and Cardiac Risk

Dr. Icilma Fergus, who directs cardiovascular disparities at Mount Sinai, explains that many viruses lead to an inflammatory response, which can worsen existing cardiac conditions. She notes that viruses causing severe illnesses and promoting a hypercoagulable state pose a significant threat.

RSV and Norovirus: A Growing Concern

Dr. Fergus mentions that there is heightened attention on RSV and norovirus, in addition to the well-known influenza and COVID viruses. The body’s immune response, while necessary to combat viruses, can inadvertently cause damage to the heart.

Risk Factors: Who Should Be Extra Cautious?

Individuals at higher risk for cardiac complications include older adults, those with compromised immune systems, and individuals with a history of heart issues or other underlying health conditions. Dr. Anuradha Lala from Mount Sinai warns that even healthcare providers are susceptible to these risks if they overlook their symptoms.

Recognizing When to Seek Help

Patients experiencing persistent chest pain or palpitations following a viral infection should consult a healthcare professional to rule out myocarditis. The AHA strongly advises that anyone with post-virus symptoms, especially those in high-risk groups, act promptly.

Emergency Symptoms to Monitor

Health experts recommend immediate medical attention for symptoms such as:

Chest pain
Difficulty breathing
Fainting spells
Extremes of blood pressure
Swollen legs, particularly when combined with other risk factors

Taking Precautions During Winter Months

The cold winter months present an environment where certain viruses can become more virulent. Dr. Fergus suggests maintaining vigilance for symptoms and getting tested for correct diagnosis, as antiviral treatments differ between viruses.

Proactive Health Measures

Experts advise avoiding exposure to winter illnesses and seeking medical treatment if symptoms arise, especially for those with underlying health issues. Vaccinations, when accessible, are recommended for vulnerable populations as an extra layer of protection.

Staying Informed and Prepared

Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States. Awareness, preventive measures, and immediate action can help mitigate risks associated with viral infections this winter season. The AHA urges everyone to consider their health seriously during these challenging months.