Can Continuous Glucose Monitors Reduce Dementia Risk for Diabetics?

For individuals with diabetes, maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial not only in preventing complications such as kidney issues and blindness but also for protecting brain health.

Dr. Michael S. Okun, the medical advisor for the Parkinson’s Foundation and director of the Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at the University of Florida, emphasized the growing body of research linking blood glucose control and cognitive health, particularly concerning dementia.

A recent study conducted in the U.K., published in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, indicates that the use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) may play a role in reducing dementia risk.

“Continuous glucose monitoring not only stabilizes blood glucose levels but also prevents hypoglycemia, and we’ve found that a steady glucose supply can enhance brain function,” Okun remarked in a discussion with Fox News Digital.

Understanding Continuous Glucose Monitors

Continuous glucose monitors, which are small wearable devices affixed to the arm, serve by tracking glucose levels via a built-in sensor and sending the data to a smartphone. This innovative approach allows diabetics to forgo the need for frequent finger pricks typically required to assess blood sugar before meals and at bedtime.

According to experts, CGMs are particularly beneficial for those with type 1 diabetes who rely on insulin therapy.

Prior research suggests that CGMs show a modest improvement in blood sugar control when compared to traditional monitoring methods, dramatically enhancing the quality of life for many users.

Expert Insights on Risk and Benefits

However, some experts like Michael Hornberger, PhD, from the Norwich Medical School in England, raise concerns that constant monitoring can lead to unnecessary anxiety regarding blood sugar levels. Furthermore, he noted, the financial investment and the need for attentive caregiving could be significant barriers.

“Issues surrounding cost, caregiver involvement, and the practical use of data for decision-making continue to challenge the implementation of CGMs,” Okun acknowledged.

While much of the recent research focuses on diabetics, there remains limited evidence regarding the benefit of CGMs for those without diabetes.

Despite the current data void, Okun suggests positive developments may soon emerge, stating, “Anticipate an upcoming integration of continuous glucose monitoring with other biomarkers to potentially enhance brain health.”

Connecting High Blood Sugar to Dementia

Hornberger’s research has demonstrated that elevated blood sugar levels significantly raise the risk of developing dementia. He highlights the connection between high glucose levels and neurological health, elucidating how excess sugar promotes inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain.

Moreover, high blood sugar can impact how neurons function, affecting communication within the body. Okun suggests, “Continuous glucose monitoring may help mitigate the risks associated with high blood sugars, particularly regarding dementia progression.”

Additionally, CGMs could potentially decrease the likelihood of falls among those diagnosed with dementia by detecting dangerously low blood sugar levels.

Various Forms of Dementia Affected

Dementia encompasses a spectrum of illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease, and much of the current research applies chiefly to Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia, which is often triggered by stroke events.

While the specific correlation between persistently high blood sugar and increased dementia risk is yet to be fully established, several theories exist. High blood sugar levels prompt a rise in insulin, which, in turn, modifies brain metabolism and cellular function, impacting neurotransmission and overall cognitive health.

The Path Forward: More Research Required

As the conversation around CGMs and dementia continues to evolve, experts agree that additional studies are essential. Hornberger asserts, “We need further investigation to determine the efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in reducing dementia risk.”

Okun further observes that the current body of research is insufficient to recommend widespread prescriptions for CGMs purely for cognitive enhancement.

Notably, risk factors for diabetes—such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases—overlap considerably with those of dementia, highlighting a complex relationship between these two health conditions that requires comprehensive exploration.

Guidance for Patients Interested in CGMs

For consumers, CGMs have recently gained accessibility, with various brands available for over-the-counter purchase.

The Dexcom Stelo Glucose Biosensor System was the first over-the-counter CGM to receive FDA approval in March 2024, aimed at those aged 18 and older who do not use insulin. A one-month supply retails at $99.

Shortly after, Abbott’s Lingo was introduced, specifically for healthy adults seeking wellness insights, priced at $89 for a month-long plan.

Healthcare professionals advise discussing potential CGM risks and benefits with a doctor before making any purchase decisions, ensuring a well-informed choice for maintaining health.