Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Key to Lowering Dementia Risk for Diabetic Patients

Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial for those with diabetes, not only to prevent severe complications like kidney damage and vision loss but also to protect cognitive health. Recent studies reveal a growing link between blood glucose management and brain function, particularly regarding the risk of dementia.

Insights from Experts

Dr. Michael S. Okun, a medical advisor to the Parkinson’s Foundation and director of the Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at the University of Florida, emphasized the increasing body of research showcasing how blood sugar impacts cognitive health. He stated, “The collective data on blood glucose and its effects on cognitive health, as well as on dementia, continue to rapidly grow.”

A recent study from the U.K., published in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, presents promising findings that wearing continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) may reduce dementia risk, particularly among diabetic patients.

What Are Continuous Glucose Monitors?

CGMs are wearable devices that consist of a small patch applied to the arm. A built-in sensor continually tracks blood sugar levels, providing real-time data sent directly to a smartphone. This technology eliminates the need for frequent finger pricks, significantly easing the burden of blood sugar management for diabetics.

Experts note that CGMs are particularly beneficial for individuals with type 1 diabetes who rely on insulin, offering a modest improvement in glycemic control compared to traditional finger-stick methods.

The Connection Between Blood Sugar and Brain Health

Michael Hornberger, PhD, a professor of applied dementia research at Norwich Medical School, highlighted that while CGMs improve glucose monitoring, constant sugar tracking may induce unnecessary anxiety for some individuals. He pointed out that challenges such as cost and caregiver requirements could affect usability.

Of note is the limited research on whether CGMs could be beneficial for non-diabetics. According to Okun, “Though we currently lack data, it is likely that in the near term, we will see more integration of continuous monitoring of glucose and perhaps other biomarkers for enhancement of brain health.”

Impact on Dementia and Cognitive Function

Research indicates that elevated blood sugar levels correlate with an increased risk of dementia. Hornberger’s studies reveal clear evidence linking high glucose levels to cognitive decline. Okun added, “Many neuroscientists have studied oxidative stress and brain inflammation. Some think that pursuing continuous glucose monitoring will have a positive impact on reducing dementia progression.”

In addition to potentially lowering dementia risk through better blood sugar control, CGMs can help prevent falls by detecting hypoglycemia. This dual benefit could significantly enhance the quality of life for diabetic patients.

The Broader Picture of Dementia Risks

Dementia encompasses various illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, which is often a consequence of strokes. While the exact relationship between high blood sugar and dementia remains under investigation, several hypotheses connect the two. High blood sugar levels trigger insulin production, which enables cells to absorb glucose for energy.

Hornberger elaborated, stating that, “It also regulates the metabolism of glucose and fats in the brain, the activity of neurotransmitter channels, and brain cholesterol synthesis.” Over time, persistently high blood sugar levels could lead to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive deficits.

Need for Further Research

Hornberger reiterated that more extensive research is required to establish whether continuous blood sugar monitoring can effectively minimize dementia risk. He remarked, “The research has not matured enough to widely prescribe glucose monitoring devices for improvement in cognitive symptoms or as a method to prevent dementia.”

Understanding the interplay of diabetes and dementia requires comprehensive research, particularly as many risk factors for the two conditions overlap. Key behavioral risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and high blood pressure, are also linked to cognitive decline.

Access to Continuous Glucose Monitors

Consumers can now find several brands of CGMs available for purchase over-the-counter, without the need for a prescription. The Dexcom Stelo Glucose Biosensor System was the first to receive FDA approval for over-the-counter sales in March 2024, targeting adults aged 18 and older who do not use insulin.

Another option, Abbott’s Lingo, also gained approval in June 2024 for healthy adults interested in general wellness, although it is not specifically designed to manage diabetes. Prices for these devices vary, with Dexcom’s offering a one-month supply costing around $99 and Abbott’s retailing for $89 for a four-week plan.

Consult before Opting for CGMs

Experts emphasize the importance of consulting with a healthcare provider before adopting a CGM for personal use. Weighing the potential benefits against possible risks will help individuals make informed decisions about their health management.