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The second-oldest university in the United States, William & Mary, has made a remarkable archaeological discovery on its grounds, uncovering a 17th-century brick kiln that provides insights into the university’s historical construction practices.
Located in Williamsburg, Virginia, William & Mary was founded in 1693 and is home to the iconic Wren Building, noted as the oldest university building in the nation. This recent find, however, is not the Wren Building itself but rather the kiln that played a crucial role in the university’s early architectural history.
The Rediscovery of a Long-Lost Structure
The kiln was initially discovered by archaeologists in the 1930s but was subsequently covered back up with dirt. Elizabeth Monroe, the archaeological research manager and co-director of the William & Mary Center for Archaeological Research, explained in an interview that a recent effort to waterproof the Wren Building’s foundation led to its rediscovery earlier this year. Archaeologists are now excavating the site carefully to prevent any damage to this historical structure.
Images from the excavation showcase the meticulous work undertaken by the team, as they unearthed the brick kiln, which has somehow withstood the test of time. Monroe acknowledges the differences in archaeological methods, highlighting that the techniques employed during earlier excavations were not as refined as those used today.
“The archaeology conducted in the 1930s was careful for its time,” she stated, “but it did not adhere to the standards we uphold today. Nonetheless, it revealed various architectural features.”
Understanding the Function of the Brick Kiln
The brick kiln was essential for producing the clay bricks that helped construct the Wren Building, according to a 1993 archaeological report. This find marks it as possibly the first building of its kind at this location.
The report noted that the earth from the site likely supplied the materials needed for the bricks. Monroe elaborated, stating, “They would have constructed this kiln prior to building the Wren. A significant number of bricks would have been made here to support the building process.”
Architectural Significance
Monroe elaborated on the kiln’s architectural importance, referencing its three-foot-thick foundation as a key reason for its enduring presence. “It’s fascinating to think about how this structure predates the Wren Building, which itself has been a hub of university life for more than three centuries,” she added.
A Living Monument to History
Charles Fulcher, the director of Wren operations and events at William & Mary, emphasized that the Wren Building maintains operational relevance since its usability was established shortly after its construction in 1699. With classrooms still in use today, it remains a vital part of the campus experience.
Fulcher described the Wren Building as a space for university traditions, ceremonies, and significant events, underscoring the essence of the institution. “Events like the discovery of the brick kiln breathe new life into our connection with history,” he noted.
Commonplace Discoveries in Williamsburg
Monroe indicated that archaeological discoveries are not rare occurrences in Williamsburg. “Since 1693, buildings have consistently come and gone in this area. Each excavation tends to yield artifacts that contribute to our understanding of past university life,” she said.
WMCAR project archaeologist Tom Higgins reinforced this notion, recounting various bequests of artifacts from various eras discovered throughout the campus. He remarked on the intensive use of the original basement kitchen within the Wren Building, revealing that such explorations often uncover significant remnants of daily life, like broken dishes and bottles, from earlier generations.
Reconnecting with History
The recent kiln discovery has left a lasting impression on the university community. Fulcher noted that students deeply engaged in the narrative of the Wren Building were eager to witness the excavation, arriving on-site during their classes to participate in this moment of history.
“When the kiln was uncovered, and we could see the blackened soil marking where fires were once kindled, it became a tangible connection to the past,” he shared.
Looking Ahead
Following the discovery, archaeologists have temporarily covered the kiln to facilitate upcoming restoration projects focused on the Wren Building. However, plans are in place to revisit the kiln in future excavations.
Monroe confirmed that while construction progresses, identifying the locations of sensitive archaeological features remains a priority. They aim to document these spots so that future renovations can respect and preserve the historical integrity of the site.
As the university continues to evolve, each archaeological discovery serves as a potent reminder of its rich legacy and the importance of preserving history. This brick kiln adds another layer to the narrative of William & Mary, blending past and present in an ongoing journey of discovery.
