Winter Viruses Heighten Risks of Heart Complications, Experts Caution

This winter, a surge of respiratory viruses is raising alarms among health officials, who warn that symptoms of heart disease may closely resemble those of common respiratory illnesses. As four major viruses circulate in the U.S., concerns about a potential “quademic” have become more pronounced.

Health experts report that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, COVID-19, and norovirus are currently at “very high levels” across the nation. The American Heart Association (AHA) has confirmed a troubling link between these viruses and an increased risk of severe cardiac events, including heart attack and stroke.

Understanding the Risks: Heart Disease Symptoms vs. Viral Illness

According to the AHA, the highest risk for heart complications occurs within three days of infection, but the danger can persist for up to 90 days. Dr. Johanna Contreras, a cardiologist at Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York City, emphasizes the need for awareness. She has encountered numerous patients misinterpreting virus symptoms, such as shortness of breath, cough, and palpitations, as merely indicators of a cold when they might actually signal heart failure.

Symptoms to Watch For

Symptoms like weakness, fever, dizziness, and chest pain can mask life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism, heart attack, pericarditis, heart failure, or viral myocarditis. Viruses can trigger inflammation, exacerbating existing cardiac issues.

Dr. Icilma Fergus, director of cardiovascular disparities at Mount Sinai, elaborates that specific viruses can lead to a hypercoagulable state, increasing blood clot risks. These conditions heighten the danger for individuals with pre-existing heart issues.

Immune Response and Heart Health

Dr. Anuradha Lala, another cardiologist at Mount Sinai, explains that while the immune system fights off viruses, the resulting inflammatory response can inadvertently harm cardiac tissues. This is particularly concerning for patients with known heart conditions, as viral infections can precipitate serious exacerbations.

Case Study: A Warning Sign

A striking case from Mount Sinai involved a patient who presented severe shortness of breath and fatigue, fearing heart failure. Fortunately, initial tests revealed that they were suffering from influenza A and severe viral myocarditis, which highlights the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis.

Who Is at Risk?

Older adults, those who are immunocompromised, and individuals with a history of heart ailments are at a heightened risk for cardiac complications during this viral season. Dr. Fergus stresses the importance of vigilance, stating that even healthcare providers must remain alert to their symptoms.

Persistent chest pain and palpitations following a viral illness warrant immediate medical attention to rule out myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle.

When to Seek Help

Health experts urge individuals to consult healthcare professionals if they experience ongoing post-viral symptoms, especially those in high-risk groups. Critical symptoms that require urgent care include chest pain, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, or severe fluctuations in blood pressure. Swelling in the legs, when accompanied by other risk factors, may also indicate serious cardiac issues.

Preventative Measures for Winter Health

During winter, viruses thrive, necessitating caution. Dr. Fergus advises individuals to stay alert to early signs of viral infections and to seek testing accordingly, as antiviral treatments differ based on the virus.

Proactive measures can reduce exposure to winter illnesses. Individuals with underlying conditions should prioritize their health and promptly seek treatment if symptoms arise.

As a precaution, healthcare professionals recommend vaccinations for vulnerable populations when available. The AHA proposes several guidelines to minimize the risk of contracting respiratory viruses during this season.

Staying Informed for Heart Health

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the U.S., and public awareness is crucial. By understanding the signs of heart complications and taking preventive actions, individuals can significantly reduce their risks this winter.

Remaining vigilant about viral symptoms and maintaining communication with healthcare providers can lead to better health outcomes during this challenging season.